01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly with butter.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt until evenly distributed.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, melted butter, and egg until fully combined and smooth.
04 - Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients. Stir gently with a spatula just until combined—do not overmix or muffins will become tough.
05 - Fold in the raisins and caraway seeds if using, distributing evenly throughout the batter.
06 - Divide batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 18 to 20 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean.
08 - Let muffins rest in the tin for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.